Английский язык ВАРИАНТ 1 I….

Английский язык

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) и группы Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы
1. Automobiles were rushing in both directions and it was impossible to cross the street.
2. The construction of this high-speed line is being actively supported by the government.
3. Until recently, the price difference between the first and second-class tickets on the Spanish Railways had been amounted to 81%.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму.
1. Before the invention of steel all railways cars (to make – Past Perfect Passive) of wood.
2. We arrived at the railway station when the train (to approach – Past Continuous Active) the platform.
3. The construction of the new circular road which (to link – Future Indefinite Active) several districts (to start) – Present Perfect Passive) recently.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму сказуемого (Active or Passive)
1. A new device (has tested; has been tested) in the lab.
2. I know that these engines (are producing; are being produced) in Minsk.
3. The airplane (crosses; is crossed) the Atlantic Ocean in about ten hours.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов. Подчеркните модальные глаголы в английских предложениях и в переводе
1. This equipment must be carried in boxcars because it requires protection against weather.
2. Passengers may buy tickets on the day of departure or reserve them in advance.
3. The Trans-Europe expresses are equipped with interurban telephones through which the traveler can conduct office or home.

V. Образуйте от данных глаголов две формы Participle I. Полученные причастия переведите на русский язык
Model: to install — a) installing – устанавливающий, устанавливая b) having installed – установив.

1) to build; 2) to replace; 3) to install; 4) to come; 5) to produce; 6) to propose; 7) to leave; 8) to fly; 9) to carry; 10) to arrive; 11) to show; 12) to get; 13) to follow; 14) to sell; 15) to improve.

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle I в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия I в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1. Passengers leaving for London were requested to register and to weigh their luggage.
2. He jumped on the step of the moving train.
3. Having arrived two days before the conference, he had a lot of time to see London.
VII. Образуйте Participle II от глаголов, данных в скобках. Полученные словосочетания переведите
Model: a (to write) article – a written article – написанная статья.

1) a (to damage) car; 2) freight (to transport) by railways; 3) an engine of
(to improve) design; 4) (to weigh) luggage; 5) a (to choose) profession; 6) a (to restore) bridge; 7) a locomotive (to drive) by steam; 8) figures (to mention) in the report; 9) the (to forget) promise; 10) the distance (to cover) by train.

VIII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия II в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1. Kerosene is a fuel used in jet engines.
2. When drawn by electric locomotive, the trains may consist of more than ninety cars.
3. A train equipped with a tilting mechanism can pass the curve at a high speed.

IX. Перепишите и переведите текст

THE CHANNEL TUNNEL

The first design of the Channel Tunnel was proposed in 1751. Since that time, dozens of proposals had been considered before the actual tunneling began. The work proceeded very quickly and was successfully completed in 6 years. The Tunnel was opened for traffic on May 7, 1994.
The Channel Tunnel actually consists of three tunnels: the two running tunnels* and the service tunnel**. Single-track railway lines are laid down in each of the running tunnels. Normally, one of them carries passenger and freight trains from Britain to France and the other carries trains in the opposite direction. If one of the running tunnels is closed down for maintenance, the other is used for train movement in both directions. A smaller third tunnel lies between the two train tunnels. It is called the service tunnel. There is a roadway inside it, so maintenance workers and emergency teams can reach any point of the Tunnel system in their road vehicles. The service tunnel is linked to the running tunnels at regular intervals by cross-passages***. In case of emergency or a train breakdown, the passengers will leave the train through one of the cross-passages into the service tunnel where road vehicles will evacuate them to a safer place.
The total length of the Tunnel is about fifty kilometers. Thirty-seven kilometers of the line are under the waters of the English Channel. The electric trains run every three minutes during peak hours, providing the carrying capacity of 4,000 vehicles per hour in both directions.
A typical passenger shuttle consists of twenty-six wagons. A half of them are double-deck carriages for carrying cars of average size. Thirteen singledeck wagons are used for transporting buses and vans. Freight shuttles consist of twenty-five single-deck wagons. Each of them is capable of carrying a vehicle weighing up to forty-four tons. Two electric locomotives are coupled in front and at the rear of each shuttle.
The time of crossing the Tunnel is thirty-five minutes, about an hour less than by ferry. Passengers and drivers remain in their vehicles. The gauge of the tunnel railway is standard that is why the tunnel can be used for international passenger and freight trains.

Notes: * running tunnel – железнодорожный тоннель
** service tunnel – служебный тоннель
***cross-passage – поперечный переход

X. Ответьте на общие вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. Was the first design of the Channel Tunnel proposed in 1851?
2. Had only two projects been considered before the actual tunneling began?
3. Did the construction proceed very quickly?
4. Are double-track railway lines laid down in the running tunnels?
5. Is there a roadway inside the service tunnel?
6. Do the electric trains operate in the Channel Tunnel?
7. Does a typical passenger shuttle consist of 26 wagons?
8. Is the time of crossing the Channel Tunnel 30 minutes?
9. Are two electric locomotives coupled in front and at the rear of each shuttle?
10. Can the Tunnel be used for international passenger and freight trains?

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) и группы Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1. The locomotive was moving at a high speed when the engine driver saw that the line had been damaged.
2. When we came to the station the train had already arrived, and the passengers were hurrying to occupy their seats in the cars.
3. Boeing’s new airplane is faster and more luxurious than any other vehicles, which have ever been produced.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму.
1. The bridge, which (to build – Present Continuous Passive) now, (to use – Future Indefinite Passive) for the movement of both road and railway traffic.
2. The movement of trains (to stop – Past Indefinite Passive) on that section of the line because the workers (to replace – Past Continuous Active) the sleepers.
3. Nowadays crossties (to make – Present Indefinite Passive) of wood, concrete, steel and cast-iron.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму сказуемого (Active or Passive).
1. Powerful track-laying machines (have developed, have been developed) for the building of railroads.
2. The road is closed because the road works (are conducting, are being conducted).
3. At the first railways, sleepers (laid down, were laid down) along the track; nowadays they (lay down, are laid down) transversely.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов. Подчеркните модальные глаголы в английских предложениях и в переводе
1. The dispatcher can communicate with the loco driver (машинист) over long distances by means of a radiotelephone.
2. A wagon must be cleaned before it will be used for another run.
3. Passengers should not walk across the railway lines; there is a footbridge at the end of the platform.

V. Образуйте от данных глаголов две формы Participle I. Полученные причастия переведите на русский язык
Model: to install — a) installing – устанавливающий, устанавливая b) having installed – установив.

1) to offer; 2) to attend; 3) to bring; 4) to discover; 5) to find; 6) to do; 7) to say; 8) to obtain; 9) to deliver; 10) to shut; 11) to ring; 12) to light; 13) to reduce; 14) to depart; 15) to implement.
VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle I в функциях определения и обстоятельства.
Подчеркните причастия I в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1. All the trains operating on the suburban lines are driven by electricity.
2. Each railway station has at least two tracks, those for the incoming and outgoing trains.
3. The number and the spacing of the sleepers depend on the weight of trains passing over the track.

VII. Образуйте от глаголов данных в скобках, Participle II. Полученные причастия переведите на русский язык
Model: a (to write) article – a written article – написанная статья.

1) a locomotive (to power) by electricity; 2) a (to delay) flight; 3) a (to break) engine; 4) a report (to type) in duplicate; 5) a (to carry out) plan; 6) a (to suspend) bridge; 7) a contract (to sign) by 2 companies; 8) mistakes (to make) in calculations; 9) the (to develop) countries; 10) railway tickets (to sell) yesterday.

VIII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия II в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1. The first steam locomotive built by G. Stephenson could draw a small train of loaded cars at a speed of thirteen miles per hour.
2. The engine designed by Rudolf Diesel is one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.
3. The new materials recommended for bridge construction were described in the article written by our professor.

IX. Перепишите и переведите текст

MOSCOW UNDERGROUND

For the first time the idea of building the underground railway in Moscow was discussed before the revolution. However, the construction of the first section (from Sokolniki to Central Park) was initiated only in 1932. It lasted 3 years and was called the record period by the world press. The Russian engineers carefully studied the existing underground systems abroad before working out their own project, which represented a significant improvement of the London system.
The engineering difficulties were great mainly because much of the soil was composed of running sand*. Fortunately most of the running sand lay close to the surface and it was found possible to use out-and-cover method** of construction under many of the streets. However, in the city center where the line is 100 ft or deeper, the construction of tunnels was necessary.
The Moscow Underground consists of a circle line, which runs round the city center, several radial lines crossing the city and connecting with each other and the lines running to the countryside. Some constructional work is still going on. Now the length of the underground lines has reaches about 300 km.
At present, the Moscow Metro handles more than five million passengers each day. During peak hours trains run at a speed of 90 km/h with the intervals of about 80 seconds. One train takes up to 1,500 passengers. For greater safety of travel, all trains are inspected every 6-9 hours of running. Being in operation for about 13 hours daily each Metro train covers the distance equal to that from Moscow to St. Petersburg. The trains servicing the Underground are supplied with low voltage direct current. The current is obtained from the third rail by special devices that are mounted beneath the motor coaches. Rolling stock is completely replaced approximately once every four years.
The Moscow Metro can compete with the underground railways in any of the European capitals in level of automation. At present, the experiments are being conducted with an “automatic driver”, i.e. with computer-controlled trains. The computer devices will help to relieve the nervous strain on the drivers and make it possible to increase the cruising speed*** of trains even more. These automatic devices have already been tested over the Circle Route by way of experiment.

Notes: * running sand – сыпучий песок, плывун
** cut-and-cover method – открытый метод (строительства)
*** cruising speed – эксплуатационная скорость

X. Ответьте на общие вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. Was the possibility of constructing Metro in Moscow discussed before the revolution for the first time?
2. Did the building of the Moscow Underground begin in 1917?
3. Did the project of the Moscow Metro represent a significant improvement of the London system?
4. Were all lines constructed, using cut-and-cover method?
5. Does the Moscow Metro consist of a circle line and 2 radial ones?
6. Is the construction of the Metro still going on?
7. Do Metro trains run with the intervals of about 8 minutes during peak hours?
8. Are all trains inspected for greater safety of travel every week?
9. Can the Moscow Metro compete with the underground lines of other countries in level of automation?
10. Will an “automatic driver” replace hard man’s labor in future?

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