Английский язык Вариант 3 I….

Английский язык

Вариант 3

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление окончания -s.
1. The first Stephenson’s steam locomotive is demonstrated now in the London Museum.
2. Heathrow, London’s major airport was opened in 1929 as a small base for airline tests.
3. Almost 500 million vehicles fill the world’s roads nowadays.
II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление оборота there + to be
1. We missed the last train and tried to get tickets for the morning train but there were no tickets available in the booking office.
2. In the USA, there is a special discount for those passengers who buy round-trip ticket.
3. There are road works in the center streets of the city that is why long jams are expected.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в действительном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1. This train will proceed to its destination without any stops.
2. The invention of the steam engine started the industrial revolution.
3. The top speed of the first steam locomotive was thirteen miles per hour.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в страдательном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1. Our flight will be delayed because of the strike of air-traffic controllers.
2. New plastic and synthetic materials are widely used for the interior and exterior finishes of the cars.
3. The freight turnover was reduced because of a considerable increase of transportation cost.

V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление прилагательных в сравнительной и превосходной степенях. Подчеркните прилагательные в английских предложениях и укажите степень сравнения.

1. In Australia, the traffic is heavier during the winter months, when many tourists travel in passenger trains.
2. Statistically, it is safer to travel by air than to drive a car.
3. It is much more convenient to travel by express train because it does not stop at small stations, and it takes you less time to get to your destination.

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные, данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени.
1. This road is (bad) I have ever traveled over.
2. The first steam locomotive the “Roket” was much (small) and (light) than modern locomotive.
3. The Pan-American Highway is (long) in the world.

VII. Перепишите и переведите текст.

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE LONDON UNDERGROUND.

The underground railways as a kind of city transport appeared in the second half of the 19th century. The first underground system was proposed by Charles Pearson in 1843. Twenty years later the first line of the London Underground was opened for traffic. Its length was almost four miles. On that first historic day, 30,000 Londoners made the first underground railway travel in the world.
In the early days, the trains were driven by steam locomotives, which burnt coal, filling the tunnels with smoke. It is said that the train staff and porters asked for a permission to grow beards and moustaches – as an early form of smog mask. The tunnels of the first underground were made as small as possible in order to reduce the construction costs. The coaches themselves were small and narrow.
According to Pearson’s project, all lines were laid down close to the ground surface. The deep tunneling came later, in 1890. Constructing the tunnel through miles of clay, sand and gravel is no easy task, and it was James Henry Greathead who developed the method, which made the construction of most London tunnels possible. One of the longest continuous tunnels in the world is the 17½-mile tunnel on the Northern line. The first escalator was also installed in the London Underground in 1911.
During the World War II, the London Underground served as a shelter for thousands of Londoners. Many British Museum treasures spent the war in the tunnels of the underground. The railways were prepared for any emergency that might occur. They had duplicate control systems, repair groups, duplicate power supply and so on. To minimize the danger of flooding the underground near the Thames, isolating doors were built in the tunnels. All the trains were equipped with special reduced lighting for using on open sections of track.
Nowadays the London Underground is the most popular means of city transport. Its length is about 300 km and it has 273 stations.

VIII. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста. Используйте фразы: It is right. It is wrong. Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. The underground railways appeared in the 20th century. 2. The London Underground is the oldest Metro in the world. 3. The first line was constructed according to Pearson’s project. 4. In the 19th century, all the trains were driven by electric locomotives. 5. The first line of the London Underground was laid down deep under the ground. 6. The method of deep tunneling was developed by James Greathead. 7. The first escalator in the world was installed in the Moscow Metro. 8. During the World War II the London Underground did not operate. 9. Different measures were taken to minimize the danger of flooding the tunnels near the Thames. 10. At present, the length of the London Underground is over 400 km.
ВАРИАНТ 4

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление окончания -s.
1. The scientific and technological equipment brought great changes in people’s life and work.
2. The passengers were informed of the flight’s delay.
3. Nowdays, London’s transport moves only four km faster than in 1912.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление оборота there + to be
1. There was some engine trouble and the driver asked the passengers to get off the bus.
2. At the railway station there are announcements boards that inform passengers when and to what track the train will arrive.
3. In April 2008, there was a 300 km traffic jam on the N4 motorway (the main road from London to Wales) at the end of the Easter holiday.
III. Перепишите и предложения, обращая внимание
на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в действительном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1. At this railway station, the stops of the trains last only five minutes.
2. Such engineers as Frolov, Yartzev and Polsunov made great contribution to the development of railway transport in Russia.
3. If you help me, I shall repair the engine in an hour.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в страдательном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1. Box cars are used for the transportation of goods which require protection against rain.
2. The first passenger cars were lighted by candles, later candles were replace by oil and gas lamps.
3. After the reconstruction of the railway, the speed of train will be increased and the carrying capacity of the line will be raised.

V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание употребление прилагательных в сравнительной и превосходной степенях. Подчеркните прилагательные в английских предложениях и укажите степень сравнения.
1. Railway transport is one of the cheapest ways of carrying freight over long distances.
2. The continuous welded rails provide a smoother movement of trains at higher speeds.
3. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible the best way is to travel by air.

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные, данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени.
1. The railway line that has no long tunnels and bridges is (cheap) line.
2. Petrol is (expensive) than it was two years ago.
3. The railway became (important) means of transportation thanks to the in vention of the steam locomotive.

VII. Перепишите и переведите текст.

THE OLDEST RAILWAY IN RUSSIA

The St. Petersburg-Moscow Mainline is the oldest and the most outstanding railway in Russia. The project of this railway was proposed by P.P. Melnikov. According to his project “chugunka” was planned as a doubletrack line, 664 km long, with the feet gauge (now the standard), steampowered. The speed of passenger and freight trains was supposed to be 34.4 km and 16 km respectively.
The construction began in 1843 and lasted 8 years. From the very beginning, the builders faced many hardships because of severe climatic and difficult geological conditions. Hundreds of kilometers of track were laid down through forests and marshes, many rivers were crossed. The line is virtually straight and level. 185 bridges and 19 viaducts were built to make the line as straight as possible. There is a legend that the route of the railway was chosen by the Tzar Nikolay I, who drew a straight line between the two cities on the map and ordered this line to be the route of the railway. However, the fact is that the construction of the line was preceded by long and thorough surveying work, a great part of which was done by P.P. Melnikov himself.
All the component parts of the track, bridges and viaducts were produced at Russian plants by using only domestic materials, including timber for sleepers and cast iron for rails.
One has to give credit* to the first railway builders, who laid the track in extremely difficult conditions. Nobody took care of the workers and nobody paid attention to their working conditions. People lived in “shalashes” or dugouts; ate often tainted food; worked from dawn till sunset, often in water up to their knees and their main tools were spades, picks, axes, wheelbarrows and horse-drawn carts. The cruel exploitation of the workers was exposed by Nekrasov in his famous poem “The Railway”.
The railroad was officially opened for traffic on November 1, 1851. The first train departed from St. Petersburg at 11.15 and arrived in Moscow 21 hours 45 minutes later. There were 17 passengers in the first-class cars, 63 – in the second-class cars and 112 – in the third-class cars. The speed of the first trains was 40 km/h but two years later, it was increased up to 60 km/h. It was the world’s record in the speed of passenger trains.

Notes: [id203992|*one] has to give credit – нужно отдать должное

VIII. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста. Используйте фразы: It is right. It is wrong. Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. The Trans-Siberian Railway is the oldest railway in Russia.
2. P.P. Melnikov made the project of the St. Petersburg-Moscow mainline.
3. It was a single-track line. 4. This line had many curves and gradients. 5. The construction of the line was preceded by long and thorough surveying work. 6. All the materials for the construction were imported from Britain.
7. Rails were made of cast iron. 8. The railway was opened for traffic in 1851. 9. The first train departed from Moscow at midnight. 10. The train consisted of first-class cars only.

ВАРИАНТ 5

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление окончания -s.
1. The engine driver’s cab is equipped with new signaling devices.
2. On the first railways, there were no conductors and an engine driver collected the passengers’ fares himself.
3. The engineers continue to work on the problem of increasing passenger trains’ speed.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление оборота there + to be
1. In Great Britain there is a left-hand traffic and a foreign driver must be very attentive.
2. How many stops will there be before the train reaches its destination?
3. There was a terrible rush( суматоха) at the station when I got there.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в действительном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1. They missed the last commuter train because of the traffic jam.
2. A dispatcher controls the movement of train over the definite section of track.
3. Moscow is a major transport junction. Over 300 long-distance and 2000 suburban trains depart from ten Moscow terminals daily.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в страдательном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1. The air in the London Underground is changed every quarter of an hour.
2. The invention of the steam engine aroused great interest; it was much spoken and written about.
3. Most specialists consider that the trains of the future will be operated by automatic drivers.

V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание употребление прилагательных в сравнительной и превосходной степенях. Подчеркните прилагательные в английских предложениях и укажите степень сравнения.
1. It is more convenient to carry these goods by lorry than by rail.
2.The trip by high-speed ferry from Helsinki to Tallin lasts an hour and a half, even faster than by plane.
3. Modern locomotives can haul the trains of 6.000 tons and heavier.

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные, данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени.
1. Airplanes are (fast) but (expensive) means of transportation.
2. Construction of the permanent way became (easy) and (quick) after the invention of special track-laying machines and other equipment.
3. Passengers travelling from Moscow to Vladivostok move the hands of their watches seven times because the Trans-Siberian Mainline, (long) railway on our planet, crosses seven time zones.

VII. Перепишите и переведите текст.

FROM THE HISTORY OF RAILWAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN

The history of railways in Great Britain began in the second part of the 18th century. The first railways were horse-powered and were used for transporting coal, timber and ore. Later on, horse-powered railways appeared in large cities and were used as passenger transport. However, they did not last long.
In 1763, James Watt invented the stationary steam engine and George Stephenson was one of the first who put a steam engine on wheels. He made a design of a locomotive but could not build it, as he had no money. Some businessmen decided to construct a railway between Stockton and Darlington to see how Stephenson’s locomotive worked. On the day when it was opened, a man on a horse went in front of the engine and shouted that the train was coming. Stephenson, who was running his locomotive, asked the horseman to go away. He put steam on and ran his locomotive at a speed of 12 miles per hour. It was the beginning of steam-powered railways.
In 1829, the Liverpool-Manchester Railway was built, and the railway company offered a prize of £500 for the best steam train. The prize was won by G. Stephenson with his famous train the “Rocket”. This locomotive was faster and stronger than the first one; it could pull 13 tons and achieved an “unheard-of speed” of 29 miles (46 km) per hour.
At first, many people were afraid of the railways. However, in 1842 the steam-powered railways were already in wide use in Britain. It should be said* that the gauge was not the same on all the railways. The famous

Анна

Исследования ученых о взаимосвязи ума и красоты говорят о том, что умные люди – красивые!

Задать вопрос

Представленная информация была полезной?

ДА

86.75%

НЕТ

13.25%

Проголосовало: 249

или напишите нам прямо сейчас:

Написать в MAXНаписать в TelegramНаписать в WhatsApp

Отзывы наших клиентов

1 2 ... 12 ►